Greek: αχ ωχ ωχ (ah oh oh) or, "άντε βρε" (ante vre)), which is a fourth lower than the tonic of the melody, resting "partis" and uniting its introduction with the entrance of the drone group. This is a role that is often, but not always, found is the one of "rihtis", who drops ( Greek: ρίχνει) the song in the end of the introduction of "partis", by singing an exclamation (e.g. The "spinner" spins the song between the tonic and subtonic of the melody, a technique that reminds the movement of the hand which holds the spindle and spins the thread. Sometimes, instead of the "turner", or according to some musicologists parallel with it, we find the role of the spinner ( Greek: κλώστης (klostis, spinner), Albanian: dredhes).
The second soloist (or the turner) ( Greek: "γυριστής" (yiristis)) answers (or "turns") the voice ( Greek: "γυρίζει" (yirizei, turns) or "τσακίζει" (tsakizei, crimps) Albanian: kthej zë or kthyesi, Mbahes or Kthehës or Pritës Aromanian: Atselu tsi u tali). The first soloist performs the beginning of the song ( Greek: παίρνοντας (pernontas, taking) or σηκώνοντας (sikonontas, lifting), Albanian: e merr dhe e ngre), and literally acts as the narrator and leader of the group, singing the main part of the song. The first soloist (or the taker) ( Greek: "πάρτης" (partis) or "σηκωτής" (sikotis), Albanian: Bëj zë or Mbaj kaba or marrësi, Aromanian: Atselu tsi u lia) is the voice that sings the main melody. Each group has two soloists and a drone group, which provides and maintains the vocal rhythm of the song. Polyphonic groups of Epirus consist of at least four members. The tradition of polyphonic singing has been contested and used by both sides of the Greek and Albanian border in a nationalistic manner. Īlbanian iso-polyphony is included in UNESCO's intangible cultural heritage list.
The Gjirokastër National Folklore Festival, Albania, ( Albanian: Festivali Folklorik Kombëtar), has been held every five years in the month of October, starting from 1968 and it has typically included many polyphonic songs. Research has shown that four part songs have come after three part ones and that they are the most complex form of polyphonical singing. Three part songs are more diffused and can be sung by men and women.
Songs can be of two, three, or four parts. The region of Labëria is a particular region known for multipart singing and home to many different genres like that of pleqërishte. Among Albanians a related form of polyphonic singing is also found in northern Albania in the area of Peshkopi, the Albanian communities of Kaçanik in Kosovo, the areas of Polog, Tetovo, Kicevo and Gostivar in North Macedonia and the region of Malësia in northern Albania and southern Montenegro. In Albania įurther information: Albanian iso-polyphonyĪmong Albanians, all four regions of Myzeqe, Toskeri, Chameria, and Labëria have the polyphonic song as part of their culture. In 2020, the Polyphonic Caravan, which is a Greek project with the purpose of researching, safeguarding and promoting the Epirus polyphonic song since 1998, was inscribed in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List of Good Safeguarding Practices. Īmong Greeks a second kind of polyphonic singing differing in maximum roughness is also performed in Karpathos and Pontos. Greek polyphonic groups usually consist of 4 to 12 persons. The main voice, the taker, can be sung either by men or women, but it can also alternate between them. In five-voice singing all parts are present, while the role of the spinner and the rihtis is performed by one part. Songs are performed in two (taker and turner or taker and isokrates), three, four or five voices.
Greek polyphonic groups can include six different parts: taker (partis), turner (gyristis), spinner (klostis), isokrates, rihtis (the one who "drops" the voice) and foreteller (prologistis). Among the Greek minorities in southern Albania, polyphonic singing is performed in the regions of Dropull, Pogon (Kato Pogoni) ( Poliçan) and the cities of Delvinë, Himara, Sarandë and Gjirokastër. Greek polyphonic group from Dropull wearing skoufos and fustanellaĪmong Greeks, polyphonic song is found in the northern part of the Greek region of Ioannina in Ano Pogoni, (Ktismata, Dolo, Parakalamos) and some villages north of Konitsa), as well as in very few villages in northeastern Thesprotia ( Tsamantas, Lias, Vavouri, Povla).
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